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'c. J. EVERETT.

PROCESS OF PRESERVING ANIMAL AND' VEG TABL -SUBST NCES DURINGTRANSPORTATION. N...18Z ,4 z.'5.' Patented'SpL-IQ,1876.7

v Pnomumoamman, WASHINGTON. :1v 0,

GHARLESF'J: Tammy, New was. sS lGN HIMSELF LIMEBQVLEMENTF wattests-prFKYTS'YEIRVINQ AN'iM'AP AND-) EGETABL SUBTANCES DURINGspecification-forming m of- Letters Patent Na.'1s"2,'4 e, datedSeptember 19, 1876; application filed m \U- fi 2 1 7 a .1

of New Jersey-, haveiiuvent' d ful l mpnovementgini thefl reservation ofAni- 'mal%anil Vegetable Substances; and lflo hereby declare:-th-at-ythe following is a=fu=ll,- clean; and exact description of the,samie,1reference1 beinghadifieithejaceompanyingdrawing;which form's-partkof this spiecificatien.

1 This fillVGHtiOHf relates more particularly; to

the -preservation;efanimaleud vegetable substancesaduringitransportation gfrom one place to another, withoututhe -;us'e of iceorother reffri-gerating 'material dilring such transportationw 1 I 7 Thefollowin serire toeX-plain more fullythe objects and value-0fmy'inventi0n.--

I l I Anin;1al%anglvegtablej substances; of. a per ishablec'haractea areoften produced i115 large 5 quantities fill510631i'bi68 --distanti one ior Q more days" travel byrai1road, ;or other system i of Q conveyance,from extensive markets, 01'- other} places'of consumption; 'fieretoforeit has been} .usuai, L du ingwarm weath e13? to transport-suchperishable -su bst ance's in railway-cars, vessels, orwagensfbyenclosing them in -a nomconductingchamibenk and. surrounding wthem by atmospheric" air,-;kent constantly cool or at. a low temperatureby meansg ofi icefor other? 6 q i fim t r a E y.c cmi lvc me chinical substances; or thGflGtiVB continuance Q -t i Q1 nepr0c S sh e q repractied du g wli tr nsiw tio r e mws most, if not all, of such'preyious'methqds re f quirefrequent ifi'IlOb continuous currents of such artifici-all ycooled air -topass over.- and around the 'perishablesubstances intended to bG-{PIQSGEYQQ-L these aibcurrehts are induced foth P TPQ' 'Qfi e l t nd o? remove StEGIlgTfiOdDISOIY foul gases; it 1is---cus tomarytogkeep up a continuousmirculatiomby r sh 11 a t t eatmospher c air pa se t and through the chamber where-A thea"perishablesubstances are confined. This is not only wasteful of the iceor other refrigerating material; but'isotherwise.objectidhabte. 0m theother hand, when the "same confinedL-air is constantly -circulat'ed?through. the r Fchamber containing the substances i to; 1 be preserved-,":it

is fou'nd in practice, that by frequent deposition of the.naturalmoistureof "the air'on the colder surfaces of the iee,=or 0f theice-box-,'or. of other refrigerating med ium,ifthat-thatabnormallydryain extracts; from the animal. or

vegetables ubstan ces-their moisture, and wi th it muchofthecharacteristic 1 flavor of .said substances. Furthermore; it isobvious that whenith'eglow temperature of a reflrigerating- Cam- 013OlJhBEqVBhiQlfOfvessel ismaintained by any of the customary orhereinbeforadescribed processes, lar-ge portionwofxthe carlowesttemperature which they will safely. bear,

andbe; thenlquickrly placed .in a car constructed with nomconduetin g-walls, but the inside temperature of which is much higher thanthatofijthe ice-house, it i is "evidentthat the heat- Ofthe containediainrand ofithe interior sides of -=the -car=;:would soouraise thetemperature of: the cooled contentsntoan unsafe .or

prejudicial degree, so that some method. of renew-ed- 0r additionalrefrigeratiom must be adoptedqafter the car is fill-ed andiclosed.

- Myinyention obviates-these diflziculties, and its object iSfbO-SlIHPIifY and economize the preservation ef -animal and vegetable,substances of-a perishable charactenduring comparatively short periodsof time. It is alike applicable,-;by merely substituting a furnaceor'heatergfor an ice-house, to preserving said substancesv from freezingduring: winter as from deeay'during warm weather. H

- -Myinventionconsis-ts inconfining the sub- 'ducting character of itsconstruction.

stances to be preserved in an air-tight car, or .other vehicle orchamber, having nonconducting walls, and then making a temporarycommunication between such vehicle or chamber and an ice-house or aheater, accordingly as it is required to cool or heat the vehicle orchamber, till the latter and its contents reach or approximate the sametemperature as the ice-house or heater, by means of either a natural orartificial or induced circulation kept up between the car orpreserving-chamber and ice-house or heater during their connection,after which said connection is severed, and external air excluded fromentering the car or preserving-chamber, which maintains its modifiedtemperature by reason of the non-con- Chemical absorbents ordisinfectants may also be usedto advantage within the car in combinationwith this process.

In the drawing, Figure 1 represents a plan of certain means used toillustrate. my improved process, as applied tothe preservation Iofperishable animal or vegetable substances during their transportation'by railroad, and

the same will here, mainly, be described as adapted to warm weather.Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the same.

At the place of production or collection of large quantities ofperishable animal or vegetable substances I propose to construct one ormore houses or other receptacles, A, for

the storage of moderate quantities of ice. It

on the line of a railroad, close air-tight cars will be prepared asfollows:

The sides"; ends, tops, and floors of the'car Bare double, withintervening spaces, which are filled with any good non-conductingmaterial. Said car has but one door, I), for ingress and egress, whichdoor is constructed so that when closed all circulation of air to orfrom the interior of the car entirely ceases. At either end of the car,say, at the upper part of one endand at the lower part of the other end,are air-pipes d, of three or four inches diameter, more or less, openinginto the outer air, and communicating with the interior of the car.These pipes are provided with air-tight valves 0 e to exclude the outerair, and with screw-threads or other suitable means for connectingthereto flexible pipes or hose f f, which cooled and again forced intoand through the car.

The same effect-that is, the cooling to the required temperature of thecontained air of the cab-may be effected automatically by using largerpipes, and so connecting them with the ice-house that the colder andheavier air of the ice-house will flow continually. though more slowly,into the lower part of the car, and force the warm and lighterairof thecar upward. A thermometer is placed in the car, visible through a glasswindow, to enable the operator to see when the required temperature isattained.

The car and the requisite connections with the ice-house, hereinbeforedescribed, having been prepared, and a quantity of meat, fish, fruit, orother animal or vegetable substances having been accumulated at, in, ornear the ice-house, the same is placed in the car, the door of thelatter tightly closed, the temporary communication with the ice-houseeffected, and the cold air forced or drawn through the car until thethermometer'shows that the requisite temperature has been attained bythe contained air and contents of the car. The valves of the air-pipesare then closed, and the hose-pipes disconnected. The car is then readyto proceed on its journey, and need not have its interior, again exposedto the outside atmosphere until the car has arrived at its destinationfor distribution of its contents, or certain of them. 5

When economy is not so much of an object as expedition, and theperishable substances tobe preserved and to be transported are stored inthe ice-house, temporary connection may be made between the car door andthe door of the ice-house, the air-pipe connection made, and, as soon asthe loading of the car is'commenced, the circulation of the cooled airis also begun, so that by the time the car is filled the interior of thecar and its contents will have been cooled down to the requisite.temperature. This mode of carrying out the process, although morewasteful, allows the displaced warm air of the car to escape into theouter air, and to be replaced by the cooled air from the ice-house.

When it is required to transport the'contents of the car an unusuallyprolonged distance for such a system of preservation, and to maintainthe low temperature for a proportionately-extended period of time, itwill be necessary to repeat the process hereinbefore described ofcooling the car as often as the thermometer in the car indicates theapproach of too high a temperature within the car. If it is desired totransport the substances to be preserved several days journey,ice-depots should be constructed at distances apart equal to one or twodays travel, with sidings or switches alongside the main track, uponwhich the cars may be run and the operation herein described repeated.

To adapt the process to the preservation of animal or vegetablesubstances from freezing or being injured by cold in the winter season,v

it is only necessary to substitute a-furnace or heater for the ice-houseto elevate the temperature of the contained air of the car to a degreewhich will have the desired eft'ect'upon the contents of the car, atleast for a short period of time or during transportation, the

same means and mode of operation being resorted to as in cooling the carfor transportation during warm Weather.

When the substances to be preserved are such as emit strong odors oroffensive gases or package for the purpose of receiving andtransportinglthe substances to be preserved, so long as such car,chamber, or package is air-tight when closed, and has walls of anonconducting character nor do I confine myself to any specific means ofcooling or heating the air to be supplied to the car or chamber, as

there are many welLknown modes of accomplishing either result.

I claim The process herein described of preserving animal or vegetablesubstances during transportation by confining them in an, air-tight caror other vehicle or chamber, having its walls built to obstruct thepassage of heat, and then making temporary communication between suchvehicle or chamber and an icehouse or heater, and establishingcirculation between either of the latter and the vehicleorpreservi'ng-chamber, and subsequently severing such communication, andexcluding the external air from the interior of the car or chamber,substantially as specified.

CHAS. J. EVERETT.

Witnesses: I

HENRY '1. BROWN, FRED. HAYKES.

